Sophie's parents were Count Johann Georg I of Solms-Laubach (1547–1600) and his wife, Margarethe of Schönburg-Glauchau (1554–1606).

After her husband's death in 1625, she took over the reign of the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach, as guardian and regent for her minor son Frederick.

Frederick died in 1634 in the Battle of Nördlingen, shortly after he came of age.

Sophie then continued reigning as regent for her son Albert, until he came of age in 1639.

She was supported during her reign by her brother Count Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim, who served as an Imperial chamberlain.