105, belonging to Infraestruturas de Portugal, was circulating between Entroncamento and Mangualde with two crew members on board while not carrying out maintenance.

[10] That section of the Linha do Norte was suspended and Comboios de Portugal organized a rail replacement bus during the time the track was closed.

[5] In the wake of this accident, the absence of automatic train protection (ATP) in maintenance vehicles was scrutinized.

[14] IP agreed to install ATP, but this was met with difficulties in sourcing CONVEL-compatible equipment from Bombardier.

[14][15] While the suspected cause is human error — the driver passing the signal at danger — ATP would have prevented this accident by braking the maintenance vehicle.