João de Sousa Carvalho (22 February 1745 – c. 1798) was the foremost Portuguese composer of his generation.
Born in Estremoz, he studied music from 1753 at the Colégio dos Santos Reis in Vila Viçosa, then from 1761 at the Conservatório di Sant' Onofrio a Porta Capuana in Naples.
In 1766 his setting of Metastasio’s operatic libretto La Nitteti was performed in Rome.
His numerous church works are written in a style similar to that of Niccolò Jommelli and, sometimes, Haydn.
His Opera Buffa L'amore industrioso was discovered by conductor and scholar David Chernaik in the Biblioteca da Ajuda in manuscript, and performed in London and Oporto in 2000-2002.