[3] Mangroves are found along the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador from the Gulf of Tribugá in the north to Mompiche Bay in the south (NT1409).

[7] The mangroves of the Pacific coast deltas of South American are fed by streams with steep slopes in their catchment areas, which have high levels of rainfall.

[8] Rainfall may exceed 10,000 millimetres (390 in) annually on the northern Pacific coast of Colombia, and the rivers discharge high volumes of water.

[10] At a sample location at coordinates 2°15′N 78°45′W / 2.25°N 78.75°W / 2.25; -78.75 the Köppen climate classification is Af (equatorial; fully humid).

[1] Mangroves extend along the Pacific coast south to 5°32' at the estuary of the Piura River in the north of Peru.

South of that the cold Humboldt Current causes high soil salinity and very arid conditions, with hardly any fresh water streams.

[16] In Ecuador about 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) of mangroves were lost in the 1980s and early 1990s due to unsustainable shrimp pond development.