Sovkhoz

A sovkhoz[a] (Russian: совхо́з, IPA: [sɐfˈxos] ⓘ, abbreviated from советское хозяйство, sovetskoye khozyaystvo; Ukrainian: радгосп, romanized: radhósp) was a form of state-owned farm in the Soviet Union.

Soviet state farms started to be created in 1918[2] as an ideological example of "socialist agriculture of the highest order".

The sovkhoz employees would be paid regulated wages, whereas the remuneration system in a kolkhoz relied on cooperative-style distribution of farm earnings (in cash and in kind) among the members.

In 1990, the Soviet Union had 23,500 sovkhozy, or 45% of the total number of large-scale collective and state farms.

[3] Sovkhoz farms were more dominant in the Central Asian part of the Soviet Union.