Walzer explores the concept of distributive justice, which concerns the fair allocation of goods and resources in society.

He argues against the idea of a single universal principle of justice that can be applied uniformly across all spheres of life.

Instead, he suggests that different social goods should be distributed according to different principles, taking into account the specific characteristics and values of each sphere.

According to Walzer, each sphere has its own internal logic and should be governed by distinct principles of distribution that reflect the particular goods and values at stake.

Spheres of Justice has, together with Just and Unjust Wars (1977) and Interpretation and Social Criticism (1987), been identified as one of Walzer's most important works by the philosopher Will Kymlicka.