Spirit of Berlin

The participating vehicle Spirit of Berlin was a 2000 Dodge Caravan, retrofitted to be controlled autonomously by a computer.

Obstacle processing is done by a combination of Velodyne HDL-64E, Ibeo Alasca XT, Sick LMS, and stereo camera systems.

After the Urban Challenge the focus shifted to driving in heavy traffic in crowded city environments like Berlin, Germany, itself.

It was the first car licensed for autonomous driving on the streets and highways in Germany and financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

[7] This allowed a half automated mode to be used for handicapped people to participate in normal traffic.