It has also been shown experimentally to infect other fish species including northern pike, guppies, zebrafish, and pumpkinseed.

[2] Clinical symptoms of viral infection include external hemorrhaging, pale gills, and ascites.

[4] The virus has been found in high concentrations in the liver and kidney, but lower numbers of virions have been isolated from the spleen.

[5] The virus has been shown to persist subclinically in fish populations up to 10 weeks following experimental infection.

[1] Currently efforts have been made to prevent infection by the virus through the development of DNA vaccines[6] and immunostimulatory therapeutics.