In the 1st century, Sirmium gained a status of a colony of the citizens of Rome, and became a very important military and strategic location in Pannonia province.

The war expeditions of Roman emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, and Claudius II, were prepared in Sirmium.

[citation needed] Beginning in the 4th century, the city was an important Christian centre, and was a seat of the Episcopate of Sirmium.

At the end of the 4th century, Sirmium was brought under the sway of the Goths, and later, was again annexed to the Eastern Roman Empire.

In 441, Sirmium was conquered by the Huns, and after this conquest, it remained for more than a century in the hands of various Germanic tribes, such were Eastern Goths and Gepids.

[citation needed] For a short time, Sirmium was the center of the Gepide State and the king Cunimund minted golden coins in it.

[citation needed] 11 luxurious golden belts of Avar handicraft dating to the 6th century was excavated in the vicinity.

[citation needed] In the 11th century, Sirmium was a residence of Sermon, a duke of Syrmia, who was a vassal of the Bulgarian Samuil.

[citation needed] Emperor Basil II (976–1025) created administrative system in which Sirmium was a seat of strategos Serbias.

According to Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi, Mitrovica had been conquered by the Bosnian sanjak bey Husrev-bey.

[citation needed] With the establishment of the Habsburg administration in 1718, the Muslim population fled from the city and was replaced with Serbian, Croatian, and German settlers.

[citation needed] Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Slavonian Krajina).

In 1848–49, it was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, but in 1849, it was returned under administration of the Military Frontier.

With the abolition of the Slavonian Military Frontier in 1881, Sremska Mitrovica was included into Syrmia County, which was part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within Austria-Hungary.

[citation needed] During World War II, the city was occupied by Axis troops and was attached to the Independent State of Croatia.

One of the largest Nazi concentration/death camps in the Independent State of Croatia existed in Sremska Mitrovica and as many as 10,000 victims (Serbs, Jews, and antifascists) were killed here.

Villages on the northern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Syrmia: Villages on the southern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Mačva: According to the 2011 census results, the city administrative area has a population of 79,940 inhabitants.