[6][4] In 2001 Israël was appointed to the French Court of Auditors, where he was assigned to the 2nd Chamber, responsible for national defense, space travel and industry.

[4] From May 2012, Stéphane Israël headed the cabinet of the French Minister for Economic Affairs, Arnaud Montebourg.

In 2013 negotiations between the French government and the steel company ArcelorMittal led to a dispute between Israël and Montebourg.

Following the appointment of Jean-Yves Le Gall, the previous CEO of Arianespace, as President of the French space agency CNES, Stéphane Israël was announced as his successor.

[11] At the same time, he was named CEO of Starsem, a Euro-Russian company that launched the Soyuz launcher from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

[10] After the restructuring of Arianespace in April 2017, he also became Executive Vice President of ArianeGroup, where he is responsible for all civil launchers.