The islands are of critical importance to sea bird populations, including the endangered African penguin.
[1] The BirdLife fact sheet states the 12 ha (30 acres) island is only 58 m (190 ft) above sea level.
[2] The population is in decline, following the national and species' trend despite the best efforts of conservation group SANCCOB.
[3] In 2019, the penguins of St. Croix island were impacted by an oil spill at the Port of Ngqura.
[4] As of 2022 there has been no environmental impact assessment of the ship to shore bunkering with further spills leading to the collapse of the breading colonies.