A member of the Episcopal Diocese of Georgia, Saint Paul's conducts its worship services using the 1979 Book of Common Prayer.

The current church building, which combines features of Federal architecture with those of the Georgian and Greek Revival styles, was designed by Henry Ten Eyck Wendell and dedicated in 1920.

Saint Paul's also hosts athletes competing in the Augusta Ironman Triathlon each September, providing a pasta dinner for competitors, a gear drop for the swim event, drinks and snacks for participants and volunteers, and a quiet space for spiritual preparation.

From September to May, the 13-concert series annually attracts roughly 5,000 attendees with a variety of classical, jazz, soft pop, and choral performers.

[3] Residents of the town erected a small, half-timbered chapel beside Fort Augusta, and appealed to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.)

"[4] The original church building was of Gothic Revival architecture, but was severely damaged when it housed refugees during the French and Indian Wars.

During the Civil War, the First General Council of the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States was held at Saint Paul's from November 12–22, 1862, during which time the delegates adopted a Constitution and Canons for the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States and elected Stephen Elliott, Bishop of Georgia, as its Presiding Bishop.

[5] The churchyard of Saint Paul's holds the graves of William Few, signer of the U.S. Constitution, and George Mathews,"[6] governor of Georgia, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.

The body of Confederate general Leonidas Polk, who was also Episcopal Bishop of Louisiana, was buried at Saint Paul's following his death near Marietta, Georgia, in June 1864.

Confederate General James Longstreet, who was raised in Augusta, was confirmed at Saint Paul's by Bishop Stephen Elliott on June 30, 1864.

Saint Paul's churchyard was a burial site for slaves and free people of color until their remains were moved in 1825 to the newly opened Cedar Grove Cemetery, which was designated by local government as the burying ground for Augusta residents classified as non-white.

(Search on St. Paul's Church, Augusta, Ga.) The records were selected for general interest and their relevance to genealogical and historical research.

The Saint Paul's Vestry minutes for the years 1855-1923 in two volumes record information about salaries and wages for church staff, building and maintenance expenses, including loans and insurance, gifts and legacies, legal actions, and special events.

Chauncey Camp Williams, Rector of Saint Paul's from 1878-1906, and a two-volume collection of miscellaneous documents detailing important people, dates, and events in parish history and lists of church furnishings and other gifts and their donors.

The 1985 computer has since been replaced by a touch screen controller located next to the organ console with a fiber-optic cable connection to the belfry.