The college offers 35 majors across three schools: Arts and Sciences, Business, and Education.

The college is a member of the Division II ranks of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the East Coast Conference (ECC) for most of its sports since the 2000–01 academic year; while its sprint football team competes in the Collegiate Sprint Football League (CSFL).

St. Thomas Aquinas competes in 22 intercollegiate varsity teams: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, sprint football, tennis, track & field and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field, triathlon and volleyball.

Men's and women's volleyball were added into its athletics program in the 2023–24 school year.

[citation needed] The Spartans have a cross-campus rivalry with the Dominican University New York Chargers since they are geographically a mile away from each other.