The Disruption of 1843 greatly affected the church and it was revived with the support of Archibald Charteris and the Edinburgh University Mission Association.

The Orthodox Community of St Andrew was founded in 1948 by Archpriest John Sotnikov, a Russian chaplain of the Polish Army.

The church is a simple, cruciform building, greatly altered in the Gothic style by Daniel MacGibbon in 1866.

It has been a category C listed building since 2007. Notable interments in the surrounding churchyard include Thomas Blacklock and Deacon Brodie.

[6] The exterior walls were repaired following the Revolution but a proposal of 1702 to restore the kirk entirely and provide it with its own minister was rejected by the presbytery.

Under Henry Moncrieff-Wellwood, the chapel's fortunes so reversed that, in 1810, a new aisle and gallery were added to the north of the church to accommodate the increased congregation.

[13][b] The departure of most of the congregation cast doubt the Buccleuch's viability and, when the post-Disruption minister, Henry Rutherford, left in 1851, the church again faced a serious risk of closure.

The church survived, however, thanks to the Edinburgh University Missionary Association, which used it as a base for home mission work.

Led by Archibald Charteris, the association soon gathered a large and enthusiastic congregation and, by 1857, the church was again able to support a full-time minister.

That year, Alexander McLaren became minister and, in 1859, the Court of Teinds raised the church to full status as a parish quoad sacra.

[23] Campbell's successor, David Andrew Rollo, again secured the co-operation of the University Missionary Association and the congregation grew.

[28] When the ministry of Buccleuch fell vacant in 1964, the congregation sought union with Nicolson Street but this was blocked by the presbytery.

[31] The following ministers served St Cuthbert's Chapel of Ease (1756–1834) and Buccleuch Parish Church (1834–1969):[32][33][34][35] 1758–1765 James Roy 1766–1808 John Touch 1813–1821 Henry Grey 1821–1824 Robert Gordon 1824–1843 Patrick Clason 1844–1851 Henry Rutherford 1857–1863 Alexander McLaren 1864–1875 Finlay Mathieson 1875–1881 John Young Scott 1882–1901 John Campbell 1901–1907 David Andrew Rollo 1908–1913 James Edward Houston 1913–1923 Neil MacLeod Ross 1924–1928 John Spence Ewen 1929–1964 William Gemmell Mitchell 1965–1968 James Sinclair Cormack The church's earliest plate dates to its time as a chapel of ease of St Cuthbert's.

A silver baptismal bowl and communion goblets are inscribed "The Property of the Chapel of Ease in the Parish of St Cuthbert's 1763".

William Alston was a long-serving treasurer of the church and, at his death two years later, six large, square, silver-plated salvers were added to the communion plate.

"[37] An Orthodox chaplaincy had been established in Edinburgh in 1948 by Archpriest John Sotnikov, a Russian chaplain of the Polish Army.

[15][38] In 1984, Sotnikov was succeeded by Archimandrite John Maitland Moir: a Scottish convert from Episcopalianism to Orthodoxy, under whom English became the congregation's predominant language for worship.

[39] In 2003, the congregation purchased the former Buccleuch Parish School buildings from the City of Edinburgh Council and vacated its George Square location.

[15] The congregation thereafter secured use of the former Buccleuch Parish Church, completing the purchase on 17 April 2013: the day of Moir's death at the age of 88.

[40] Below the bell tower stood a porch, which was itself built into the boundary wall, allowing direct access to the street.

The building was refaced in the Gothic style: a clock was set in the east wall and the tower was removed and replaced by a short spire on the north side.

[49] A scheme of stained glass was installed, including a window gifted by the Marquess of Bute in memory of one of his ancestors, Flora Mure Campbell, who is buried in the adjoining kirkyard.

[41] The church once possessed two 14ft-tall black boards from the late 18th century, which display the Lord's Prayer, Creed, and Ten Commandments in gold lettering.

In 1950, the boards were gifted to the nearby Newington and St Leonard's Parish Church (now the Queen's Hall), where they remain.

[52] On 25 June the following year, William Falconer, an Episcopal bishop, consecrated the kirkyard in the presence of five elders and one deacon of the West Kirk.

Instead, St Cuthbert's Parish that year opened the East Preston Street Burial Ground in Newington.

Reaction against the proposals soon spilled into the letters sections of the local press and the session quickly abandoned the idea.