The historic listing summary for the church states that it was built in the 12th century, modified in the 15th and "rebuilt in 1867 by Sir George Gilbert Scott".

[3] The original village of Edensor was located immediately next to Chatsworth House, but between 1838 and 1842 the 6th Duke of Devonshire had it demolished so it would be out of sight[2] over a hill.

Consecrated in 1870,[4] St Peter's comprises a west steeple, nave with aisles, chancel, north vestry and south east chapel.

[5] A 2020 report states that the current church with its 166-feet-high spire, designed by George Gilbert Scott, was not built until about 25 years after the village was completed.

[9] Sir Joseph Paxton (d. 1865) is buried in St Peter's churchyard,[2] as are most Dukes of Devonshire and their families, including U.S. President John F. Kennedy's sister Kathleen, who was married to the 10th Duke's eldest son.