: Staatsexamina) is a German government licensing examination that future physicians, dentists, physical therapists, teachers, research librarians, archivists, pharmacists, food chemists,[1] psychotherapists and jurists (i.e., lawyers, judges, public prosecutors, civil-law notaries[2]) as well as surveyors have to pass to be allowed to work in their profession.
Students usually study at university for four to eight years before they participate at final examinations to graduate by the first Staatsexamen.
The latter are often also the responsible authorities providing the administrative infrastructure during the Referendariat and in the end holding the exams of the second Staatsexamen.
This one part takes place at the end of the four-year therapy degree and contains written, oral and practical exams.
In some cases, the second Staatsexamen can be a substitute for a doctorate when it comes to applying for certain jobs at a university (i.e., Akademischer Rat).
The one to two-year legal traineeship or preparatory service forms the second phase, which ends with the “second state examination”.