Born in Rusinów,[1] he was an activist of the Polish Socialist Party who began his career as an attorney in 1894 in Warsaw, Russian partition (Congress Poland).
[3] He gained such a reputation, and skills, that government provocateurs and agents he liked to call for witness commonly made mistakes in their testimonies.
[3] He didn't hesitate to criticize the existing political situation, and discuss the common repressions and brutality of tsar's police.
I demand in the name of truth...[3]The organizations defending political prisoners had an unclear legal status in Russian Empire, and were repressed by the government.
In 1910 he was subject to another disciplinary hearing for "usage of improper terms during the trials", "conspiracy to change statements", "membership in secret illegal organizations"; he was declared innocent by a regional court, only to have the prosecution open another case against him or appeal against the verdict.