Until 2012, when they switched to using genetically modified E. coli, Roche Pharmaceuticals used up to 90% of the world's annual star anise crop to produce oseltamivir (Tamiflu) via shikimic acid.

[6] Each follicle is boat-shaped, 1–2 cm long, rough and rigid, color reddish-brown, with 1 seed, opening along the ventral edge when ripe.

[6][7] Differences with similar taxa: Illicium anisatum had smaller fruits that does not form a regular star due to the abortion of some carpels.

The pods can be used in this manner multiple times by the potful or cup, as the ease of extraction of the taste components increases with the permeation of hot water.

Star anise is the major source of the chemical compound shikimic acid, a primary precursor in the pharmaceutical synthesis of the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu).

Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum), a similar tree, is highly toxic and inedible; in Japan, it has instead been burned as incense.

Cases of illness, including "serious neurological effects, such as seizures", reported after using star anise tea may be a result of deliberate economically motivated adulteration with this species.

Japanese star anise contains the neurotoxin anisatin,[16] which also causes severe inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), urinary tract, and digestive organs when ingested.

[17] Swamp star anise Illicium parviflorum, a similar tree found in the southern United States, is highly toxic and should not be used for folk remedies or as a cooking ingredient.