States of the German Confederation

On the whole, its territory nearly coincided with that remaining in the Holy Roman Empire at the outbreak of the French Revolution, with the notable exception of Belgium.

Except for the two rival major powers, Austria and Prussia, and the western left bank of the Rhine (which France had annexed, with tiny Katzenelnbogen), the other member states (or their precursors) had been within Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine.

The Grand Duchy of Luxemburg (in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands; lost over half of its territory in the west to Belgium in the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839, thereby resulting in the Duchy of Limburg becoming a member.)

The Duchy of Holstein (in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark; not a former member of the Confederation of the Rhine) 17.

The Duchy of Limburg (became a member in 1839 in personal union with the Netherlands as compensation for territorial losses in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg that were caused by the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.)

But Schleswig was traditionally connected to the duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, which were member states.

In 1864, the Danish king transferred the three duchies to Austria and Prussia (after the Second Schleswig War).

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (became a member in 1817; merged with Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1866) 38.

The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (still a constitutive state of Germany) 39.

The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (still a constitutive state of Germany) 41.