Nubia, located along the Nile River south of Egypt, spanned from modern-day Aswan to Meroë, Sudan, with its capital at Napata during Piye's reign.
During Egypt's Third Intermediate Period, the country experienced frequent invasions and internal turmoil following the Twentieth Dynasty's end (circa 1190–1069 BCE).
Piye succeeded Kashta around 747 BCE, embarking on campaigns to assert dominance over Egypt, which included establishing his sister, Amenirdis I, as “God’s Wife of Amun” in Thebes.
The stela opens with the date of “Regnal year 21, first month of Inundation.” and Piye declares his superiority over his ancestors and states his divine right to rule as the son of Ra, representation of Atum, and beloved of Amun.
This prompts Piye to send his commanders to Egypt with strict instructions on noble conduct in battle, emphasizing the importance of purity and the support of Amun.
After hearing the fleeing of King Namlot, to assumedly spread false tales of conquest, Pinakhi becomes enraged and decides to personally lead his forces into Egypt.
This allows him to reaffirm previous oaths and participate in significant religious festivals, named “Night Feast of Opet” and “Abiding in Thebes”.
During his campaign, Piye makes religious offerings and purification rituals at key locations, including Heliopolis, to ensure divine favor and prosperity.