Steve Portugal

He has looked at the energy expenditure of migratory birds and the physiology of feather moult, by tracking wild barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) from Svalbard to Scotland, using biologging technology.

[4][5][6] Portugal has studied the etiquette of aggression in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens),[7][8][9] and the developmental energetics of avian brood parasites.

His research has shown how birds fly in V-formation,[14][15][16][17][18] using Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) that were part of a European reintroduction scheme.

His team has worked extensively with homing pigeons (Columba livia), demonstrating how individuals compromise on speed to stay together as a flock, and the increased energy expenditure required to fly as a group.

[20][21][22] Work with secretary birds (Sagittarius serpentarius) demonstrated their capacity to deliver a kick 5 times their own body weight,[23] while his studies on African harrier-hawks (Polyboroides typus) showed their unique visual system designed to support their unusual foraging technique of extracting food from tree holes.