Stroke volume

A shunt (see patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect) between the two systems will ensue if possible to reestablish the equilibrium.

[5] Men, on average, have higher stroke volumes than women due to the larger size of their hearts.

Corresponding to the oxygen uptake, women's need for blood flow does not decrease and a higher cardiac frequency makes up for their smaller stroke volume.

[7] Prolonged aerobic exercise training may also increase stroke volume, which frequently results in a lower (resting) heart rate.

Reduced heart rate prolongs ventricular diastole (filling), increasing end-diastolic volume, and ultimately allowing more blood to be ejected.

[8] Stroke volume is intrinsically controlled by preload (the degree to which the ventricles are stretched prior to contracting).

Major factors influencing stroke volume – Multiple factors impact preload, afterload, and contractility, and are the major considerations influencing SV. [ 6 ]