[5] Despite this, Motori Moderni's owner Carlo Chiti felt that the flat engine configuration would provide some aerodynamic benefits due to its inherent low centre of gravity.

[9] Although Chiti was targeting a final power output of 447 kW (599 hp; 608 PS), which would've made the new engine competitive with the DFR, the Subaru 1235 had another Achilles heel; its weight.

[4] The engine made its début at the 1990 United States Grand Prix, but it was not a happy one; Gachot finished dead-last in pre-qualifying,[10] having been unable to even complete a single lap before a gear-linkage failure.

[4] Following a falling-out between Coloni, his team and Subaru, the Japanese firm opted to end their involvement after the 1990 British Grand Prix, just eight races after the engine had made its début, and without the C3B pre-qualifying once.

[5] The Coloni team promptly reverted to the Cosworth DFR in their updated C3C model, but, although they were often able to pre-qualify with this package, they never qualified for a race again and folded at the end of the 1991 season.