[1] However, significant injury or death is far from certain; numerous studies report minimally injured persons who died from drowning.
[7] Families affected and groups that help the mentally ill have lobbied governments to erect similar barriers.
One such barrier is the Luminous Veil on the Prince Edward Viaduct in Toronto, Canada, once considered North America's second deadliest bridge, with over 400 jumps on record.
In February 2009, following the murder of a four-year-old girl who was thrown off the bridge by her father, the first stage of a temporary suicide barrier was erected on Westgate Bridge, constructed of concrete crash barriers topped with a welded mesh fence.
The barriers are costed at AU$20 million and have been reported to have reduced suicide rates on the Westgate by 85%.
With nearly 500 suicides by 2003, the Viaduct was ranked as the second most fatal standing structure in North America, after the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
The Reversing Falls Bridge in Saint John, New Brunswick has had often use for those making suicide attempts.
Efforts have been made by the city to install barriers, but they have struggled to secure provincial funds to do so.
Because it is only 15 metres (49 ft) from the ground, attempts are not always successful, however the bridge is easy to access and there is no suicide barrier.