It has an area of 2,093.47 square kilometres (808.29 sq mi) and the population of 1,142,210 (comprising 551,366 males and 590,844 females) as of 2023.

[1] The administrative capital is Kota Sumenep, has a name that reflects it is historical and cultural evolution.

It is bordered by the Pamekasan Regency to the west, Madura Strait to the south, and the Java Sea to the north and east.

Sumenep has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with May to November and heavy rainfall from December to April.

(b) includes the island of Gili Iyang (also known as Pulau Oksigen) east of Madura, with an area of 9.15 km2 and an estimated mid-2023 population of about 8,600 people in 2 desa (Bancamara in the south and Banraas in the north).