Super high frequency

[4] Although in some cases they can penetrate building walls enough for useful reception, unobstructed rights of way cleared to the first Fresnel zone are usually required.

The wavelength of SHF waves creates strong reflections from metal objects the size of automobiles, aircraft, and ships, and other vehicles.

Small amounts of microwave energy are randomly scattered by water vapor molecules in the troposphere.

The wavelength of SHF waves is short enough that efficient transmitting antennas are small enough to be conveniently mounted on handheld devices, so these frequencies are widely used for wireless applications.

Large parabolic antennas can produce very narrow beams of a few degrees or less, and often must be aimed with the aid of a boresight.

The short wavelength requires great mechanical rigidity in large antennas, to ensure that the radio waves arrive at the feed point in phase.

Therefore, to transport microwaves between the transmitter or receiver and the antenna with low losses, a special type of metal pipe called waveguide must be used.

The high frequency gives microwave communication links a very large information-carrying capacity (bandwidth).

A variety of parabolic antennas on a communications tower in Australia for point-to-point microwave communication links. Some have white plastic radomes over their apertures to protect against rain .
X-band (8 - 12 GHz) marine radar antenna on a ship . The rotating bar sweeps a vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves around the water surface to the horizon, detecting nearby ships and other obstructions
Microwaves are often carried by waveguide , such as this example from an air traffic control radar , since other types of cable have large power losses at SHF frequencies.