The Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR (Romanian: Sovietul Suprem al RSS Moldovenești, Moldovan Cyrillic: Советул Супрем ал РСС Молдовенешть; Russian: Верховный Совет Молдавской ССР, romanized: Verkhovnyy Sovet Moldavskoy SSR) was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Moldavian SSR and later the independent Republic of Moldova from 1941 to 1993.

The last elections of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR were held in 1990 and 371 deputies were elected.

On May 23, 1991, the 12th convocation of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR became the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova.

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