The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR (Estonian: Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu) was the formal rubber stamp legislative body of the Estonian SSR without any substantive meaning, which was formally elected in general elections, but whose members were essentially appointed by the leadership of the Communist Party.

[2] After its first democratic elections on 18 March 1990, the institution was renamed the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia on 8 May 1990.

The sessions of the Supreme Soviet lasted only several days twice a year and decisions were made unanimously and without much discussion.

[3] The Supreme Soviet gathered in Tallinn, in the Toompea Castle building which now houses the Riigikogu (as it did in interwar Estonia).

Its chairman was the de jure head of state of Estonian SSR.