Jadhav was born in a village in Vidarbha in the eastern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

[1] Jadhav joined the Serum Institute of India (SII) in 1979, where he was responsible for manufacturing, laboratory and clinical practices, and quality control.

[3] During his time at the SII, he led the development and introduction of the Meningococcal A conjugate vaccine to Sub-Saharan Africa.

He was also a contributor to the Expanded Program on Immunization and had driven the partnership between the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and SII.

Jadhav was also a member of the leadership team that worked on producing the COVID-19 vaccine at SII, including the ones marketed as Covishield.