An increase in domestic recycling and a reduced reliance on the global plastic waste trade are other actions that might help meet the goal.

[6] Changes in consumption and production patterns can help to promote the decoupling of economic growth and human well-being from resource use and environmental impact.

They can also trigger the transformations envisaged in global commitments on biodiversity, the climate, and sustainable development in general.

[9]: 10 FAO found that "globally around 14 percent of the world’s food is lost from production before reaching the retail level".

[9]: 5 The full title of Target 12.4 is: "By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.

[5]: 14   The full title of Target 12.5 is: "By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.

[1]The full title of Target 12.7 is: "Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities.

[11] The full title of Target 12.8 is" By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.

[1] The full title of Target 12.A is: "Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production.

[1] The full title of Target 12.C is: "Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions in accordance with national circumstances, including restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities.

[7] Fossil fuel subsidies rose drastically in 2021, to levels last seen in 2014 before the SDGs were adopted, due to governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.