The women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 16 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

Four heats were held, with two containing the maximum number of swimmers (eight).

The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Li Zhesi and Tang Yi from China won the gold and silver medal respectively, Japanese swimmer Yayoi Matsumoto won the bronze medal.

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00) Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.