The Men's 50 metre backstroke competition of the 2020 European Aquatics Championships was held on 17 and 18 May 2021.

[1][2] Before the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

The following new records were set during this competition.

The heats were started on 17 May at 10:53.

[3] The semifinals were held on 17 May at 18:24.