Symbolic representations also appear in phonetic transcription, descriptions of phonological processes, trochees, phonemes, morphophonemes, natural classes, semantic features such as animacy and the qualia structures of Generative Lexicon Theory.
[3] Recently, in span-based neural constituency parsing lexical items begin as wordpiece tokens or BPE tiktokens before they are transformed into several other representations: word vectors (word encoder), terminal nodes (span vectors, fenceposts), non-terminal nodes (span classifier), parse tree (neural CKY).
It's suggested that the mapping from terminals to non-terminals learns what constructions are permitted by the language.
[citation needed] Other representations in linguistics that are not symbols or measurements include rules and rankings.
US patent 10133724, Sean L. Bethard; Edward G. Katz & Christopher Phipps, "Syntactic classification of natural language sentences with respect to a targeted element", published 2018-11-20, assigned to International Business Machines Corp