90, MWV N 16, commonly known as the Italian,[1] is an orchestral symphony written by German composer Felix Mendelssohn.

The work has its origins, as had the composer's Scottish 3rd Symphony and The Hebrides overture, in the tour of Europe which occupied Mendelssohn from 1829 to 1831.

The symphony was first performed in the United States by the Germania Musical Society, Carl Bergmann conducting, at Boston on 1 November 1851.

[7] Edward Greenfield has commented on Mendelssohn's changes between the two editions, in relation to the reasons for continuing performances of the standard edition: Surprisingly for so perceptive a composer he undermined the original's freshness, smoothing over melodic lines (as in the Pilgrim's March) and extending linking passages.

It is among the first large multi-movement works to begin in a major key and end in the tonic minor, another example being Brahms's first piano trio.

Being an early romantic work, the symphony features greater use of individual melodies for woodwinds and a broad dynamic range.