Specifically, an effective system of systems engineering framework is needed to help decision makers to determine whether related infrastructure, policy and/or technology considerations as an interrelated whole are good, bad or neutral over time.
Other fields where it can be applied include health care, design of the Internet, software integration, and energy management[19] and power systems.
There are ongoing projects throughout many commercial entities, research institutions, academic programs, and government agencies.
Major stakeholders in the development of this concept are: For example, DoD recently established the National Centers for System of Systems Engineering[24] to develop a formal methodology for system-of-systems engineering for applications in defense-related projects.
A number of research projects and support actions, sponsored by the European Commission, were performed in the Seventh Framework Programme.