Szondi test
[citation needed] The starting assumption of fate analysis is that a person's life (destiny) unfolds in a series of elections: one chooses an occupation, acquaintances, partners, family, and ultimately his decisions implicitly selects his illnesses and his death.
Szondi's experience in genealogy research led him to believe that these elections can not be considered only as the individual sovereign decision, but that such choices often follow certain patterns that preexisted within his family ancestors.
The second example of operotropism is a man that chooses a profession in which he can satisfy in a socially acceptable manner needs that in their original primary form would constitute a danger for society.
[23] Sadistic jobs type are truck driver, farm servant, animal tamer, veterinary, manicure, pedicure, animal slaughter, surgical nurse, surgeon, dentist, anatomist, hangman, forestry worker, lumberjack, stonemason, miner, road worker, sculptor, chauffeur, soldier, wrestler, physical education teacher, gym instructor, masseur.
Personality traits found in this group are aristocratic exclusivity, eccletic friendship choices, systematizate, schematize, rigid formalism.
[25] Jobs of the schizoform, katatonic, drive striving k-: aesthetician, art critic; accountant, lower officer, cartographer, technical drafter, graphic designer; postal worker, telegraph operator; printer; farmer, forester; lighthouse keeper, security guard; model.
Personality traits found in this group are pedantry, accuracy, exemplarity; lack of humor, taciturnity, brusqueness; phlegm, callousness, calm; hypersensitivity; obstinacy, stubbornness; Inability to debate, self-consciousness; narrow-mindedness, bigotry; compulsiveness, automation, mannerisms; Feeling of omnipotence, autism; inability to be absorbed in the other (auto psychological resonance); taciturnity, immobility, all-having.
[23][24] Jobs of the epileptiform, "Cain" striving e- include: porter (bellhop), carter (truck driver), sailor, able seaman, chauffeur, aviator; blacksmith, stoker, oven operator, chimney sweep, firefighter, pyrotechnician, baker; soldier (especially flamethrowers, explosive departments like grenadier, pioneer, stormtrooper).
[23] Jobs of the hysteriform group include: acting (in females, amazons and tragic heroines roles); politics professionals: member of parliament, chief of Bureau or in factory; car driver; animal tamer; market woman, town crier, barker; performing artist (vaudeville, acrobat, circus performer), orator; model; sports: swordsmanship, horseback riding, hunting, wrestling and mountain climbing.
Szondi said that from a sociological perspective, the most important discovery made through fate psychology has been operotropism, that is the discerning of the role played by latent inherited genes (genotropic factors) in the choice of a particular vocation or profession.
[35] On the basis of the syndromatics (diagnotisc method) published in book 3 (1952) and 4 (1956) of the Schicksalsanalyse,[36][37] one or two (rarely three) forms of existence are detected from each test profile.
[35] Szondi condensed the syndromatics into a table called Testsymptome zur Bestimmung der 17 Existenzformen (test symptoms for the identification of the 17 existence forms), which was published in Szondiana VI (1966) and in the final edition of book 2 (1972).
Commenting an experiment with alternative pictures of mental patients, Szondi argued that since the photos used were nicer or less disturbing, they failed to trigger the responses that the test is supposed to.
[49] Differentiating signs for epileptics and homosexuals, suggested by Szondi and Deri, were found to be weak and routine clinical use of the test was not recommended.
[51] A 1953 evaluation concluded that "data can be established with a high degree of consistency among observers" but its "interpretation remains a tenuous process of undetermined validity".
[52] Some studies attempted to measure the ability of (psychology and non-psychology) students to simply diagnose the subjects on the test photographs, ignoring the rest of the theory, to determine how meaningful stimuli the images were.
The results failed to confirm this ability and suggested that "positive validity findings within the Szondi test are likely to be based on stereotyped perceptions" rather than personality characteristics.
[55] Factor analysis of image preferences revealed that selection is largely related to identifiable characteristics like age, sex, mood or conventionality of appearance.
They are: In 1963, after finishing the fifth volume, he published Introduction to Fate Analysis; it is a short book that collects conferences he held at the University of Zurich the previous year, with the aim of introducing to a larger public the most important results of his research.
It is an extremely difficult task and it is not at all astonishing that we have not yet arrived at this point.Ein Triebststem muß aus Triebgegensatzpaaren konstituiert werden, die einerseits in jedem Individuum vorhanden sind, andererseits mit den pathopsychologischen, d.h. Psychiatrischen Erbkreisen genau übereinstimmen.
Balints Streben war aber, womöglich Photos von "schönen" Kranken in seine Serie aufzunehmen, da er meine originalen Bilder zu gräßlich und schockierend fand.
Ohne Schockwirkung sind aber Photos zur Prüfung des Trieb- und Ich-Lebens unbrauchbar.In other words, by means of choice reactions the Szondi test aims directly at the unconscious sphere of psychic events.
This goal is in contrast with graphology, which first analyzes phenomenologically the subject's behavior.l'on y trouvera ici une introducion générale sous la forme encore inédite des conférences prononcées comme professeur invité a l'Université de Zurich en 1963.
