The territory of Târnava-Mică County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.

Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and annexed it to the rump county.

Administratively, Târnava-Mică County was made up of three cities – Diciosânmartin, Ibașfalău (Elisabetopol, Elisabethstadt, Erzsébetváros), and Blaj – and initially four districts (plăși):[1]

[2] Classified by religion: 40.7% were Greek-Catholic, 16.6% Orthodox Christian, 16.6% were Reformed (Calivinist), 16.2% Lutheran, 4.6% were Roman Catholic, 3.3% Unitarian, and 1.1% Jewish, as well as other minorities.

The religious mix of the urban population was 38.0% Greek-Catholic, 18.8% Reformed, 12.9% Roman Catholic, 11.0% Eastern Orthodox, 6.2% Unitarian, 6.0% Jewish, and 4.7% Lutheran, and 1.2% Adventist, as well as other minorities.