[5] Differences in T-cell lymphoma subtypes extend to the clinical characteristics and symptoms of the disease with each varying drastically.

[4] There is no definitive cause for most T-cell lymphoma subtypes, but a variety of risk factors have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing the disease.

[citation needed] A family history of hematopoietic malignancies has been linked to an increased association with most T-cell lymphoma subtypes.

[7] The current and most accurate diagnosis used across most subtypes is a biopsy in which fresh tissue that is suspected to be affected by the lymphoma is collected from the patient to be closely examined by pathology laboratories.

Due to the lack of research performed in understanding the nature of T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis, a majority of cases will often have poor outcomes for the treatment or will relapse.

[9] T-cell lymphoma is typically treated using the CHOP regimen in which four anti-cancer drugs; cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone are used in combination at a relatively high dosage.

[3] Other less common chemotherapy regime which can also be used include; DHAP (dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin) and ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide), however, the outcomes of these treatments are often similar to or worse than the CHOP regimen.

[7] Stem cell transplants are a common method of treatment which can either be used in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve remission and effectiveness or it can be used with relapsed lymphoma patients.

Proposed solution include improved donor selection and the use of a conditioning regime in which a high dose of a myeloablative treatment is given alongside stem cell transplants to reduce the immune response.

It possesses highly immunosuppressive abilities and acts by inhibiting viral replication and prevent the spread of the cancerous growth.

However, due to the low frequency and lack of research performed on the disease, the number of cases is relatively underrepresented in comparison to other non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

[3] Cases are more common in those of Native American descent followed by Caucasian ancestry,[2] however, the epidemiology can vary greatly between the different subtypes.

The incidence of T-cell lymphoma are slightly higher in men than in women in all categories of race,[7] with cases increasing in frequency with age for most subtypes.

[2] In Asia, T/NK-cell neoplasms are more common as a result of host factors and the higher prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV1) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).