Among these are measures designed to improve the health system of the Philippines such as The Expanded Senior Citizens Act which prescribes that all Filipino senior citizens be automatically covered by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth),[2] The Rare Diseases Act which improves the access of patients who are diagnosed to have a rare disease or are suspected of having a rare disease to comprehensive medical care,[3] and The Comprehensive Tuberculosis Elimination Plan Act which expands PhilHealth's tuberculosis packages and provides free tuberculosis medicine and laboratory services nationwide.

[4] As chairperson of the Senate Committee on Health and Demography,[5] TG Guingona also fought against the eviction of the Philippine Children's Medical Center (PCMC) by facilitating the land transfer between the Department of Health (DOH) and the National Housing Authority (Philippines) (NHA).

[6] The land transfer allowed the DOH to finally own the lot where PCMC stands,[7] thus providing PCMC, the Philippines' largest public hospital for children, the security to continuously operate and provide subsidized medical treatment to more than 70,000 Filipino children, most of which belong to the marginalized sector.

[22] TG Guingona also authored The Freedom of Information Bill and persistently called for its passage into law.

In response, the opposition in Metro Manila formed a political party called Lakas ng Bayan (strength of the nation) or LABAN (fight) for short.

Among the notable candidates of LABAN were Benigno "Ninoy Aquino Jr., Neptali "Nap" Gonzales Sr., Ramon "Monching" Mitra Jr., Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr., Alejandro "Anding" Roces, Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo, and TG Guingona's father, Teofisto "Tito" Guingona Jr.[29] LABAN lost all of its twenty-one candidates, with obscure candidates from Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, the political party of Ferdinand Marcos, winning against the popular Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. at the time.

[31] Some members of the faculty and the student council of the Ateneo de Manila University, including TG Guingona, joined the LABAN candidates in protesting the fraudulent election.

TG Guingona was jailed together with prominent political and religious personalities Lorenzo "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.; Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo; Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.; Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo Jr.; Fr.

After several days, TG Guingona was released from jail and his case was categorized as nolle prosequi (the state shall no longer prosecute).

[41] TG Guingona has expressed that he believes that investing in the human and social capital in Mindanao may end the cycle of violence that has afflicted the island for a long time.

[42] As an advocate of good governance, TG Guingona also pushed for transparency in budgetary procedures and promoted reform in the national budgeting system.

[43] When evidence of apparent electoral cheating by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo became public, TG Guingona actively endorsed and pursued her impeachment.

Among these were the following: Additionally, TG Guingona filed the following bills for the advancement of the healthcare system in the Philippines: As chairperson of the Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations or more commonly known as the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, TG Guingona investigated the following cases of wrongdoings on the part of the government, its officials, and its attached agencies in aid of legislation: As the nature of the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee is to conduct investigations in aid of legislation, the following were legislated by TG Guingona to address the discovered lapses in existing laws and government procedures: As chairperson of the Senate Committee on Peace, Unification, and Reconciliation,[82] TG Guingona led the Senate investigations on the Lumad killings in Surigao del Sur[83] and pushed for the passage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) or the Bangsamoro Organic Law[84] which established the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).