The first rail station in Taipei was completed in Twatutia in 1891, during Qing rule, when the railway to Keelung was opened for service.

To alleviate traffic congestion caused by railroad crossings in downtown Taipei, an underground railway tunnel between Huashan and Wanhua was built along with the present station building as part of the Taipei Railway Underground Project.

Extensive underground malls now exist at the front and back of the station,[20] which emulate those found in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan.

The station also became a terminus for Taiwan High Speed Rail trains when the network began service in 2007.

Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki was chosen to design two skyscrapers that will surround the railroad station.

The station interior underwent renovation work from February to October 2011.

[23] Basement restrooms were renovated, the basement and first floor preparations for additional Breeze Plaza retail space began, the large ticket office in the first floor lobby was removed, and additional retail space was allocated.