The Tairov Ta-3 was a twin-engined single-seat heavy fighter designed and produced in the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union from 1939.

Competing contemporaneous designs in the USSR included the Grushin Gr-1, Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS and Polikarpov TIS.

The engines were housed in large underwing nacelles and drove counter-rotating propellers to eliminate torque effect with throttle movement.

K. Stankevich on 31 December 1939, the first aircraft was also tested by LII until the summer of 1940 when one of the engines threw a connecting-rod.

The fourth airframe which was to be the Ta-3bis with M-82 engines was abandoned due to the German invasion, and further work on the Ta-3 was halted when Tairov was killed in an airline crash, traveling between Moscow and Kuybyshev, in December 1941.