The Taiwanese Cultural Association (TCA; Chinese: 台灣文化協會; pinyin: Táiwān wénhuà xiéhuì) was an important organization during the Japanese rule of Taiwan.

Inspired by the Samil Movement in Korea in 1919, Taiwanese college students in Japan further developed their craving for an independent Taiwan.

When improperly treated by the Japanese (e.g. being called Chankoro (清國奴, Qing slaves)), these students would often search for methods of circumventing trouble.

Japan was not only the hub for advanced education for Taiwanese students, but also an excellent opportunity to learn revolutionary ideas such as equality for all people and freedom, options that the oppressive Japanese regime would not allow.

They petitioned the Japanese government to permit the enactment of a representative committee which spoke in favour of Taiwanese people, thus taking a vital step towards democracy.

The Taiwan Cultural Association formed o advocate for self-determination policies in response to the Japanese colonial government's efforts to assimilate Taiwanese through the principle of homeland extensionism.

[4] Among these activities, lectures gained significant acceptance due to the substantial illiteracy rate in Taiwan at the time, which resulted in the weakened efficacy of written communication.