In the basin of the Nariwa River, which flows through the western part of the city, the geology is limestone karst topography.

In the Kamakura period, a cadet branch of the Miura clan was appointed jito and constructed a castle in what is now the center of Takahashi city.

In the Bakumatsu period, this domain was ruled by a cadet branch of the Itakura clan, and supported the shogunate in the Boshin War.

Following the Meiji restoration, the town of Takahashi was established on June 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system.

Takahashi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 18 members.

In terms of national politics, the city is part of Okayama 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Most of the farmland is located in the plateau area at an altitude of around 400 meters, and fruit trees and vegetables are actively cultivated taking advantage of the cool climate.

In addition to the large temperature difference between day and night, fog weakens ultraviolet rays and has the effect of suppressing bitterness, which helps grow high-quality tea leaves.