It was located in the present-day city of Hikone, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, on the right bank of the Inukami River.

Takamiya-juku has a very long history, and was a market town in front of the gates of the Shinto shrine of Taga Taisha from the end of the Nara period onwards.

It was located on the ancient Tōsandō highway connecting the capital of Heian-kyō with the provinces of eastern Japan and from the early Sengoku period was a popular stopping point for pilgrims.

The area was known for its production of a striped hemp cloth, which was sold throughout Japan and which was also given as tribute from Hikone Domain to the Shogun's court in Edo.

Per the 1843 "中山道宿村大概帳" (Nakasendō Shukuson Taigaichō) guidebook issued by the Inspector of Highways (道中奉行, Dōchu-būgyō), the town had a population of 3560 people in 835 houses, including one honjin, two waki-honjin, and 23 hatago, and was thus this largest of the stations in Ōmi Province.