For most of its history, it was ruled by the Takasu-Matsudaira, a branch of the Tokugawa clan of Owari Domain.

In 1600, after the Battle of Sekigahara, Takagi Morikane was dispossessed of Takasu Castle for having sided with the pro-Toyotomi Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari.

He was replaced by Tokunaga Nagamasa, one of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s generals and was assigned a fief with a kokudaka of 50,673 koku.

His son, Tokunaga Masashige, increased the kokudaka to 53,000 koku; however, he was dispossessed in 1628 over his failure to complete the rebuilding of the walls of Osaka Castle, and the domain was suppressed.

As with most domains in the han system, Takasu Domain consisted of a discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.