Takayoshi Yoshioka (吉岡 隆徳, Yoshioka Takayoshi, June 2, 1909 – May 5, 1984) was a Japanese sprinter who in 1935 jointly held the 100 m world record at 10.3 seconds.

Four other men had clocked 10.3 s in 1935 or earlier, and Takayoshi was the only Asian person among them.

He competed in various sprint events at the 1932 and 1936 Olympics and finished sixth in the 100 m in 1932.

[1] In retirement Yoshioka worked as an athletics coach.