Talbot v. Seeman, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 1 (1801), was a United States Supreme Court case.

It involved maritime law, specifically the circumstances under which salvage rights attach to a neutral vessel captured by enemy forces and then recaptured by the United States Navy.

The Court held that although there was no declaration of war against France, the United States had authorized the military seizure of French vessels.

Since the Amelia was armed and in the possession of the French Navy, probable cause existed and so Captain Talbot had captured it legally.

The Court further held that a meritorious service had been performed in rescuing it from French hands.