Tango of Death was a Jewish orchestra in the Janowska concentration camp, located on what is now the outskirts of Lviv, Ukraine.

In Lviv, which was seized at the end of June 1941, shortly after the Lviv pogrom carried out at the beginning of July, the "Jewish Worker Camp", later known as the Janowska concentration camp, began to form under the leadership of the German administration by the Ukrainian auxiliary police, formed from the "marching groups" of the OUN [pl; ru; uk] (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists).

The initiator of the compulsory organization of musician-prisoners in the orchestra was the deputy commandant of the Janowska camp, SS-Untersturmführer Richard Rokita [de] who before the war had "played the violin in a jazz band in Katowice.

The violinist, composer, conductor Jacob Mund, who before the war held the position of musical director of city theaters, was appointed the head of the orchestra.

"[3] During torture the orchestra performed a foxtrot,[citation needed] and often played for several hours in a row under the window of the head of the concentration camp.