In the case of co-workers and customers, they may not want to interact with people belonging to a certain group, which the employer considers during the hiring process.
[7] A paper in 2008 studied the effect World War I had on German Americans as traders at the New York Stock Exchange.
The results showed that the discrimination indeed had an effect on the German Americans in the NYSE, where the rates of their rejection doubled.
[7] In 2014, researchers from the Center for Economic and Policy Research conducted a study of the Fantasy Premier League, which is an online game where players choose their 15 players from 20 participant Premier League teams.
This allowed the research team to control for statistical discrimination, because all information about potential employees' productivity is publicly disclosed.