[2] Settled by people from Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina after the American Revolutionary War, the county was organized in 1848 in the Highland Rim region.

The Campbellsville Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Taylor County.

[5] It includes a fabled center marker of Kentucky, a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetic station marker placed in Taylor County circa 1916 which in time since has been regarded by citizens as the geodetic center of the state.

The claim to the geographic center of Kentucky is disputed by surrounding counties[6] in part due to the planar methods[7] used to initially determine the geographic centers of the states.

The American Civil War skirmish, The Battle of Tebbs Bend, was fought in Taylor County.

26.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.